LI Wenlong, Research Professor, Guanghua School of Law, Zhejiang University. The authentication of AI-generated content is fast shaping up to be one of the central legal challenges in global AI governance. Four main technical approaches have been put forward for AI-gen content authentication—namely post hoc pattern detection, retrieval-based detection, content provenance (metadata based), and digital watermarking—each of which comes with its own strengths and drawbacks.

Denis Simon, Holder of the Bank of America Chair in International Finance at the Schwarzman, College at Tsinghua University; Senior Fellow at the Quincy Institute. Talent is gradually becoming one of the most critical resources in AI development, determining whether the technology advances in a responsible direction. Global AI competition is also transforming into a talent war, with the direction of talent flows indicating the trajectory of AI development.

ZHAO Minghao, Professor and Deputy Director, Center for American Studies, Fudan University. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central arena of strategic competition between China and the United States, with spillover effects extending to critical minerals, energy infrastructure, and the global industrial ecosystem.

MO Shengkai, Associate Professor, Department of International Politics, University of International Relations. AI is profoundly reshaping international politics in four dimensions. It is reshaping comprehensive national power competition: China and the United States have emerged as the leading AI powers, with AI driving China’s upgrading of traditional industries and breakthroughs in emerging fields, triggering global technological and economic rivalry.

Kim Yongjune, Emeritus Professor, Business Administration, Sungkyunkwan University. South Korea’s AI strategy positions the country as a global third force, avoiding direct involvement in the China-US head-to-head competition while balancing development quality with national sovereignty, and advocating that each nation should possess autonomy over its own AI governance.

FENG Shuai, Deputy Director of the Institute for International Strategic andSecurity Studies, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies. Over the past year, global AI technology has continued to iterate at high speed. Capability breakthroughs represented by trillion-parameter agents have expanded from the digital space into physical domains such as robotics, autonomous driving, and AI-powered healthcare, as humanity enters the era of AI agents.

Raul Salgado Espinoza, Professor of International Relations at the Latin American Faculty of Social Science. From the perspective of asymmetry theory, global AI governance is marked by power asymmetries, with significant gaps between technology holders and those seeking to govern it, and between technology-producing and technology-consuming nations.

Daniel Grocs, Director of the Institute for European Policymaking at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. The deep-seated dilemma facing European AI development lies in the fact that, despite considerable academic research contributions, Europe’s industrial base remains weak, lacking major technology companies to support the translation of research into applications.